The cost of carry model This model assumes that arbitrage between the cash market and the futures market eliminates all imperfections in pricing, i.e., unaccounted for differences between the cash price and futures price. The difference that remains is due to a factor called 'the cost of carry'. framework guiding research on entry mode strategies in the presence of market imperfections (valuation) uncertainty and this becomes the real option Yet an option to equity commitment (whether it involves cooperation or not) should logically exist and